Pixel, 2D array

• Digital image representation
• Optical sensor
• Sensor saturation (problems with measurement)
• Rolling vs global shutter

RGB vs. grayscale

• Why are grayscale cameras still in use?
• RGGB system (Bayer)
• 3-chip cameras
• RGB disadvantages (false accuracy)
• RGB cameras sold as gray

Area scan vs Line scan

• Line scan advantages
  • Easy synchronization with encoder
  • Big scale
• Disadvantages
  • Vibrations
  • No second chance of image acquisition

Sensor and pixel size

• How can sensor size and pixel size influence your measurement?

Spectral range

• Brief introduction to UV and IR cameras

Smart cameras

• Proven applications (barcode and 2D code with stable conditions, OCR, verification etc.)
• Advantages
  • Price
  • Ability to replicate quickly
• Disadvantages
  • Inflexibility
  • Inability for upgrades and going outside of predefined constraints

Optics

Lenses

• Lens physics

Basic concepts

• Focal point
• Distortion effects
• Field of view
• Depth of field

Telecentric lenses

• Motivation for usage
• Advantages
• Disadvantages

Feasibility calculations

• Online tools

Illumination

LED frontlight

• Color differences

Backlight

• Applications

Polarized light

Practical examples

Real world implications

• Conveyor belt speed
• External light
• Vibrations
• Camera heating

Practical example of a real-world calculation

• Based on a conveyor belt speed, camera exposure time, lens and camera chip parameters determine if the system is feasible